Ringworm is the most common fungal infection in cats. Despite the name, ringworm is caused by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes. 94% of all cases of the fungal infection in felines come from microsporum canis, which is one of three fungi in the dermatophytes group. All breeds of cats may be affected, with the long hair breeds being especially susceptible. However, ringworm more commonly occurs in cats under 12 months of age due to their immature immune systems. Also cats with other immune weakening diseases, and cats under stress, are more susceptible.
The ringworm survives on cats by invading the dead outer layer of the skin, claws and hair. The symptoms of ringworm are comprised of circular patches of hair loss, generally around the head or limbs of the cat. The patches of hair loss may appear gray, and may or may not be red, scaly and itchy. The claw and claw bed of the feline may be dry and flaky. Ringworms can be contracted in an array of situations, and from different funguses inside the dermatophytes group. Mircosporum gypseum is a species of ringworm that is generally acquired through digging in contaminated soil. Microsporum canis, the most common fungal cause of ringworm, is passed on by either direct or indirect contact with an infected person or animal. Microsporum canis can also infect cats through contaminated bedding, grooming tools or from spores in the environment.
Wild animals, such as mice and voles of the rodent family, may carry Trichophyton mentagrophytes and pass this fungus onto cats. This infection is rare and inconsequential, and in most cases easily treatable. However if the infection reaches a settlement of cats, the procedure for eliminating the fungus becomes expensive and difficult, as the treatment must be implemented simultaneously among the group for it to be effective. Ringworm is very contagious and if left untreated is highly irritating for felines.
If you suspect your cat of having ringworm, make an appointment with a vet to confirm that it is ringworm and not another skin infection. The vet may use Wood's lamp which as an ultraviolet lamp under which 50% of ringworm strains glow. Microscopic examinations may take place where by a sample of the cats hair is examined under a microscope to look for fungal spores. A sample of your cats' hair may be taken by the veterinarian and sent to a testing lab. The testing lab will grow the hair on a special culture which allows the exact species of fungus to be determined. If the lesion is not characteristic looking, a biopsy may be performed. Once a ringworm diagnosis has been made both the cat and the environment has to be treated. Lime sulphur dips are the most effective form of treatment for ringworm, which can be performed at home or at the vets. The dips should be used every 4 days for approximately 2 to 4 weeks. It should be noted that the dips cause a slight yellowing of the fur, but is only temporary. If prescribed the antifungal drug Griseofulvin should be taken twice a day and the side effects should be discussed with the vet before use.
